HAZARD CONTROLS AND SOURCES OF HAZARDS

The type of hazard control is determined by the type of hazard and the source of the hazard. According to ICAO SMS Document 9859, there are three methodologies for identifying hazards and they reactive, proactive and predictive.
a) Reactive. This methodology involves analysis of past outcomes or events. Hazards are identified through investigation of safety occurrences. Incidents and accidents are clear indicators of system deficiencies and therefore can be used to determine the hazards that either contributed to the event or are latent (ICAO, 2013). If the hazard is from reactive methodology, the hazard control process is also reactive. An example if a hazard is identified after an air crash and the hazard control is an alteration to the aircraft, then this is reactive hazard control.
b) Proactive. This methodology involves analysis of existing or real-time situations, which is the primary job of the safety assurance function with its audits, evaluations, employee reporting, and associated analysis and assessment processes. This involves actively seeking hazards in the existing processes (ICAO, 2013). If the hazard is identified from proactive methodology, the hazard control process is also proactive. For example, if the hazard is identified from safety assurance functions of SMS like audit shows that there is consistent non-compliance with approved SOPs by pilots, the hazard control is proactive before the non-compliance would results in an incident or accident.

c) Predictive. This methodology involves data gathering in order to identify possible negative future outcomes or events, analysing system processes and the environment to identify potential future hazards and initiating mitigating actions (ICAO, 2013). If the hazard is identified through predictive methodology, the hazard control process is also predictive. For example, if the FDA shows a lot of exceedances or unstabilised approaches by pilots, the hazard control is predictive to avert an occurrence.

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